Preference for Striped Backgrounds by Striped Fishes - BioStor

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 5: 501-503 (1988) ? 1988 Zoological Society of Japan [COMMUNICATION] Preference for Striped Backgrounds by Striped Fishes Yasutoshi Kohda and Munetaka Watanabe Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700, Japan ABSTRACT ? Six available species of freshwater fishes, two cross-striped, two lengthwise-striped and two non- striped ones, were exposed to vertically and horizontally striped backgrounds. The two cross-striped fishes pre- ferred to rest at vertically striped sites over horizontally striped ones. One of the two lengthwise-striped fishes tended to rest at horizontally striped sites. These results imply that many striped fishes prefer resting at sites with stripes similar to their own. The behavior of one non-striped fish suggests that there may be a factor other than a fish's own stripes that causes preference of vertically striped sites. INTRODUCTION Cryptic animals must merge with their back- grounds [1, 2]. It is known that some cryptic animals choose resting places appropriate to their body colorations [3-5]. Kohda and Watanabe [6] showed that the freshwater serranid fish oyani- rami, Coreoperca kawamebari, which has cross stripes on its body, chooses to rest at vertically rather than horizontally striped sites. Do cross-striped fishes other than the oyanirami have the same preference? Do lengthwise-striped fishes prefer horizontally striped sites? Do non- striped fishes have any preference between verti- cally and horizontally striped sites? In the present study, we tested the preferences of six available species of freshwater fishes including the oyani- rami for striped sites. MATERIALS AND METHOD Ten individuals from each of six species were Accepted August 31, 1987 Received July 13, 1987 used; two cross-striped fishes, C. kawamebari (7.8-8.8 cm in total length) and Macropodus chinensis (3.2-4.0 cm), two non-striped, Carassius auratus (6.3-8.0 cm) and Acheilognathus limbata (5.0-7.4 cm), and two lengthwise-striped, Barbus titteya (3.0-3.4 cm) and Melanochromis auratus (3.5-5.1 cm). The four former species were col- lected in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, while the latter two were obtained from a tropical-fish dealer. As all the specimens were small, we used an experimental apparatus different from that used in our previous study [6]. Instead, we utilized a gray plastic tank 150x100x50 cm high (20 cm deep), which had two vertically striped and two horizon- tally striped shelters (Fig. IB). Shelters were transparent plastic boxes (15x15x15 cm), which had three striped side walls and one open side, and were put on squares (25x20 cm) bordered by a light green line (Fig. 1A). The stripes were 2 mm black bands with 2 mm transparent intervals. A fish was placed in the center of the tank, and the time the fish spent in each square was recorded for 30 min. The fish was left in the tank and the next day its position was recorded again for 30 min. Five of the ten fishes of each species were tested under one arrangement of shelters (Fig. IB), and the other five were tested under the reverse arrangement. Preference for stripes by each species was tested by the two-tailed matched pairs signed test [7]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the first-day test, the two cross-striped spe- cies, C. kawamebari and M. chinensis, preferred

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ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 5: 501-503 (1988) ? 1988 Zoological Society of Japan [COMMUNICATION] Preference for Striped Backgrounds by Striped Fishes Yasutoshi Kohda and Munetaka Watanabe Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700, Japan ABSTRACT ? Six available species of freshwater fishes, two cross-striped, two lengthwise-striped and two non- striped ones, were exposed to vertically and horizontally striped backgrounds. The two cross-striped fishes pre- ferred to rest at vertically striped sites over horizontally striped ones. One of the two lengthwise-striped fishes tended to rest at horizontally striped sites. These results imply that many striped fishes prefer resting at sites with stripes similar to their own. The behavior of one non-striped fish suggests that there may be a factor other than a fish's own stripes that causes preference of vertically striped sites. INTRODUCTION Cryptic animals must merge with their back- grounds [1, 2]. It is known that some cryptic animals choose resting places appropriate to their body colorations [3-5]. Kohda and Watanabe [6] showed that the freshwater serranid fish oyani- rami, Coreoperca kawamebari, which has cross stripes on its body, chooses to rest at vertically rather than horizontally striped sites. Do cross-striped fishes other than the oyanirami have the same preference? Do lengthwise-striped fishes prefer horizontally striped sites? Do non- striped fishes have any preference between verti- cally and horizontally striped sites? In the present study, we tested the preferences of six available species of freshwater fishes including the oyani- rami for striped sites. MATERIALS AND METHOD Ten individuals from each of six species were Accepted August 31, 1987 Received July 13, 1987 used; two cross-striped fishes, C. kawamebari (7.8-8.8 cm in total length) and Macropodus chinensis (3.2-4.0 cm), two non-striped, Carassius auratus (6.3-8.0 cm) and Acheilognathus limbata (5.0-7.4 cm), and two lengthwise-striped, Barbus titteya (3.0-3.4 cm) and Melanochromis auratus (3.5-5.1 cm). The four former species were col- lected in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, while the latter two were obtained from a tropical-fish dealer. As all the specimens were small, we used an experimental apparatus different from that used in our previous study [6]. Instead, we utilized a gray plastic tank 150x100x50 cm high (20 cm deep), which had two vertically striped and two horizon- tally striped shelters (Fig. IB). Shelters were transparent plastic boxes (15x15x15 cm), which had three striped side walls and one open side, and were put on squares (25x20 cm) bordered by a light green line (Fig. 1A). The stripes were 2 mm black bands with 2 mm transparent intervals. A fish was placed in the center of the tank, and the time the fish spent in each square was recorded for 30 min. The fish was left in the tank and the next day its position was recorded again for 30 min. Five of the ten fishes of each species were tested under one arrangement of shelters (Fig. IB), and the other five were tested under the reverse arrangement. Preference for stripes by each species was tested by the two-tailed matched pairs signed test [7]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the first-day test, the two cross-striped spe- cies, C. kawamebari and M. chinensis, preferred

Preference for Striped Backgrounds by Striped Fishes : COMMUNICATION : Behavior Biology

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Photos: Lofty NYC art venue is not for the faint-hearted

Scaffolding and living room structure surround the base and statue of Christopher Columbus during a media preview of "Discovering Columbus," by Japanese artist Tatzu Nishi, Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012 in New York's Columbus Circle. The 810-square-foot living?room offers spectacular views of mid-Manhattan. A 13-foot statue of Christopher Columbus stands amid the couches, lamps and coffee table. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)

Scaffolding and living room structure surround the base and statue of Christopher Columbus during a media preview of "Discovering Columbus," by Japanese artist Tatzu Nishi, Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012 in New York's Columbus Circle. The 810-square-foot living?room offers spectacular views of mid-Manhattan. A 13-foot statue of Christopher Columbus stands amid the couches, lamps and coffee table. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/photos/nyc-columbus-statue-enveloped-by-living-room-slideshow/

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Yosemite rangers in triage mode after hantavirus outbreak

Up to 10,000 people may be exposed to deadly virus after staying at California's Yosemite National Park over the summer.

YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK ? The phones in the administrative building here are constantly ringing. Half a dozen rangers answer the calls:

"You were here just this last weekend?"

"Do you remember the area the cabin was in?"

"I understand your fear. I would have the same level of anxiety."

Responding to questions about a recent outbreak of hantavirus linked to the park, the rangers rattle off information about the rodent-borne disease. Calendars, news articles and park maps cover their tables. In front of each phone sits a notepad where rangers tally the number of calls received.

Paul Ollig, the park's deputy chief of interpretation, said that as of Saturday afternoon, the number was in the thousands. The emergency phone line opened Tuesday.

"We're getting calls from worldwide," Ollig said. "A lot of them from California, but we're getting calls from the U.K., we're getting calls from France, from China.... We haven't really seen much of a lull at all."

Public health authorities have traced six hantavirus cases to Yosemite, including two fatalities. Of the confirmed cases, five have been connected to the 91 "signature tent cabins" in Curry Village, one of the park's most popular campgrounds. The origin of the final reported case is still unclear.

The park has attributed the cases to a design flaw in the signature tent cabins, which are now closed indefinitely as an investigation into the outbreak continues.

Yosemite officials have sent letters or emails to about 3,100 people who reserved one of the signature tent cabins between June 10 and Aug. 24. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said 10,000 people stayed in the cabins during that time and were at risk for contracting the disease.

And Yosemite is already feeling the effects. Although park spokesman Scott Gediman said there wasn't a noticeable dip in the 75,000 or so visitors expected during the busy Labor Day weekend, a spokeswoman for the concessionaire that handles lodging within the park says there was a 20% cancellation rate on a weekend that should be sold out.

"For us, we've had unprecedented cancellations," Delaware North Cos. Parks & Resorts spokeswoman Lisa Cesaro said. "We've never seen this for a Labor Day."

Most of the cancellations were in the roughly 500-unit Curry Village, Cesaro said. The Ahwahnee Hotel and Yosemite Lodge, the company's marquee facilities, were still sold out.

Officials are also concerned about the effect hantavirus could have on future reservations, especially at Curry Village. Guests can book Yosemite lodging 366 days in advance, but Cesaro said they've already noticed a decrease in requests for Curry Village.

"It will definitely have an impact," she said. "But I think it's too new to know what that is."

Gediman and his counterpart, park spokeswoman Kari Cobb, said the hantavirus outbreak has been one of the bigger incidents they've handled in years. They've fielded about 600 calls from the media, including from foreign outlets like Al Jazeera.

Yosemite is no stranger to high-profile stories, they said. But the difference with hantavirus ? unlike the deaths of three people swept over Vernal Fall last summer or the young boys carried down the Merced River the day before the hantavirus news broke ? is that there is no end in sight.

"With Vernal Fall, you put the news out there and the stories are there, but there's an end to it," Cobb said. "With hantavirus, we don't know where the end is going to be. We don't know how many more people are out there who may have contracted hantavirus or who think they may have contracted hantavirus. We don't know."

Terri Power worries her 11-year-old nephew could be one of those people.

Power, a California native who moved to Bristol, England, a decade ago, has been to Camp Curry often. When she and her partner decided to visit the States this summer with their nephew, the park was on their list.

They had heard about hantavirus before their trip, but Power's grandmother called the park and was reassured precautions had been taken.

But now, Power says her nephew has flu-like symptoms ? which can be the initial indicators of hantavirus. His doctor is monitoring him in case he takes a turn for the worse.

Power said they weren't told about hantavirus upon checking in Aug. 23 and haven't been contacted by the park since. Although they didn't stay in the signature tent cabins, she said she'd still like first-hand information.

"I know they don't want to start a panic," she said. "But I've got an 11-year-old nephew I'm really worried about."

Power said she would still return to Yosemite but would find another place to stay.

"I think the Curry Village days are over," she said.

But others kept their plans to visit Yosemite this week, both at Curry Village and beyond. The lobby of the Yosemite Lodge had a steady trickle of guests waiting to check in Friday evening.

One man standing in line eyed a flier sitting on the front desk. "HANTAVIRUS CAUTION," it read.

kate.mather@latimes.com

Source: http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/news/science/~3/qshgo-jrkAg/la-me-0902-yosemite-folo-20120902,0,121791.story

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Mitt's Messages

Mitt Romney speaks on Thursday at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla.

Richard Kalvar/Magnum Photos for Slate.

How does Mitt Romney plan to win the election over the next two months? He just told you. All his messages are laid out in the speech he delivered last night at the Republican convention. Here?s a review of the speech and a preview of what?s ahead.

1. High expectations. Suffering makes people unhappy, but prolonged suffering depresses their expectations. This helps Obama by lowering the standards against which a president is judged. Romney wants to raise the bar. Last night, he compared Obama with previous presidents, asserting that all of them except Jimmy Carter could claim to have made people better off after four years. He used the word disappointment or its variants four times. And he reminded voters of the higher aspirations they had once entertained:

Every family in America wanted this to be a time when they could get ahead a little more, put aside a little more for college, do more for their elderly mom who?s living alone now, or give a little more to their church or charity. Every small business wanted these to be their best years ever, when they could hire more, do more for those who had stuck with them through the hard times, open a new store, or sponsor that Little League team. Every new college graduate thought they?d have a good job by now, a place of their own, and that they could start paying back some of their loans and build for the future. This is when our nation was supposed to start paying down the national debt and rolling back those massive deficits. This was the hope and change America voted for. It?s not just what we wanted. It?s not just what we expected. It?s what Americans deserved.

Romney didn?t mention that this era of high expectations actually ended in the meltdown of 2008, before Obama?s election. For that reason, and because it?s inconvenient, Obama will reject it. He?ll propose a lower standard, measuring his record against the depressed expectations of the post-meltdown months in which he took office. Last night, Romney tried to shake people out of that mentality. ?This isn?t something we have to accept,? he pleaded, adding that the decline of our expectations is itself a sign of failure: ?For the first time, the majority of Americans now doubt that our children will have a better future. It is not what we were promised.?

2. The Obama economy. In his remarks, Romney lamented that

this Obama economy has crushed the middle class. Family income has fallen by $4,000. But health insurance premiums are higher, food prices are higher, utility bills are higher, and gasoline prices have doubled. Today more Americans wake up in poverty than ever before. Nearly one out of six Americans is living in poverty. ? His policies have not helped create jobs, they have depressed them.

The numbers are familiar and will be vigorously debated. Romney will focus on the unemployment rate; Obama will focus on the number of new jobs created. But the key phrase tying it all together for Romney is Obama economy. Those two words, repeatedly paired, will burden the president with perceived responsibility for the weak economy, regardless of the extent to which he (as opposed to President Bush, Wall Street, Europe, congressional Republicans, or other factors) is at fault.

3. Nothing personal. Obama?s attacks have plainly irked Romney, and the GOP convention showed how broadly Republican leaders and delegates loathe the president. But to win the election, Romney needs to attract voters who still like Obama personally. So Romney embraced their sympathy. ?I wish President Obama had succeeded,? he professed. But he concluded:

You know there?s something wrong with the kind of job he?s done as president when the best feeling you had was the day you voted for him. The president hasn?t disappointed you because he wanted to. The president has disappointed America because he hasn?t led America in the right direction. ? Americans have supported this president in good faith. But today, the time has come to turn the page.

Romney?s message here is that you don?t have to be a hater or a right-winger to vote him out of office. It?s OK to like the president. And it?s OK, all the same, to fire him.

4. Business experience. Romney won the Republican primaries by running as a businessman, not a governor. Obama punished Romney for that approach, damaging him in polls by painting him as a rich, ruthless capitalist. In the general election, Romney had another option: He could contrast himself with Obama not as a businessman but as an executive, since Romney had been a governor while Obama, prior to his election as president, was never more than a legislator. Running as a successful state executive might broaden Romney?s image, highlighting his ability to help people, not just make money.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=518864fe11b83d2fd14b4688e626ce03

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Zynga hires real-money gambling exec, to head online gambling ...

Zynga has reportedly hired online gambling veteran Maytal Ginzburg to run its real-money gambling ventures.

Zynga has turned its ambitions to online real-money gambling as its stock prices have slumped to a near-all time low today amid doubt about its profitability with existing social games. But its latest hire,?first noticed by?Social Casino Intelligence, indicates that Zynga is in fact full steam ahead with its plans for real-money gambling.

In a smart move, Zynga has managed to snag?Maytal Ginzburg, former Senior Vice President of Regulated and Corporate Markets for 888 Holdings, as its new real-money gambling chief.

If you?re not familiar with 888 Holdings, the company is among the largest online gambling holding companies in the world, and is responsible for its 888-branded games including 888 Sport, 888 Bingo, 888 Poker, 888 Casino, and platforms that were released earlier in 888?s existence including Casino-On-Net and Pacific Poker.

Zynga has been plagued by turnarounds as its stock has dropped into dangerous territory. Yesterday, an anonymous source told?Bloomberg that Bill Mooney, vice president of studios and general manager of Farmville, and Brian Birtwistle, Zynga?s vice president of marketing, had resigned. These departures have been just among the steady stream of executives and other employees heading for higher ground.

Zynga?s Hail Mary is the reported real-money gambling site?Zynga Poker, which launches in early 2013 for users in the United Kingdom.?Zynga Poker will be competing for the U.K. market with other sharks in a tank chock full of online gambling veterans, which include bwin, Poker Stars, PartyGaming, and of course 888. It?s treacherous waters for a neophyte like Zynga to navigate, but Ginzburg?s confidence in the social and design qualities of social gaming could influence Zynga to take a different route and target a different demographic of real-money players altogether.

The majority of poker sites that exist today seek to attract a higher caliber of players, and offer more competitive and interesting styles of game play for experienced players. Such sites typically sport its roster of endorsements by top professional gamblers, thereby attracting the serious online gamblers.?Zynga, with Ginzburg?s direction, will likely target the casual poker players, who would rather be playing for the experience than to make a quick buck.

?We want to attract players who will play for casual entertainment, and we therefore needed to deliver social platforms that are easy to use yet provide all the interactive features users expect,? Ginzburg told?Inside Poker Business.

The details surrounding Zynga?s real-money gambling platform have been sparse, but we do know the cost of launching such a venture are significant. In Nevada, one of the few places in the U.S. that allows online gambling, companies must pay between $1 million and $1.3 million for an online gambling license, according to a source close to Digital Trends. Overseas, the licenses alone could be anywhere between $500,000 and over $1 million depending on the jurisdiction.

Building out a gambling platform from the ground up is a labor-intensive and costly process. Not surprisingly, the social gaming giant has been shopping around for partners with existing real-money gambling platforms. But then navigating the minefield of licenses, partnerships, and regulations is a task that, without Ginzburg, would likely be over Zynga?s heads.

Source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/zynga-hires-888-exec/

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Zynga hires former online gambling executive Maytal Ginsburg Olsha

Social Casino Intellegence is reporting that Zynga has hired online gambling firm 888?s former senior vice president of corporate and regulated markets Maytal Ginsburg Olsha.

The hire shows that Zynga is gearing up for real-money social gaming overseas, and perhaps here in the U.S. should the company succeed in changing the legislation that currently forbids it. We recently reported that Zynga is spending a lot of cash on lobbying for real-money gaming. The company spent $75,000 in lobbying fees in the last quarter both in Washington and California, centering around a bill that would let companies offer online poker in the state.

Although real-money gaming is still illegal in the United States because of the?Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006, it?s very much a part of U.K. culture. As a result, several companies are starting to double down and create social casino games that allow players to gamble with actual cash.

The news also follows casual game developer Big Fish?s announcement two weeks ago that it is joining with Betable to bring real-money gambling to the United Kingdom with Big Fish Casino, a re-branded version of the social mobile casino game Card Ace: Casino. Prior to that announcement, Gamesys launched the first such app on Facebook with Bingo Friendzy.

Source: http://www.insidesocialgames.com/2012/08/31/zynga-hires-former-online-gambling-executive-maytal-ginsburg-olsha/

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Looking for Green Real Estate Options? - Borderstan | Borderstan

Posted on30 August 2012. Tags: Busboys and Poets, Green real estate, sustainable living, urban living

Green Real State at Busboys & Poets. (Luis Gomez Photos)

From Rachel Nania.?Check out her blog,?Sear, Simmer & Stir.?Follow?Nania?on Twitter?@rnania, email her at rachel[AT]borderstan.com.?

On Thursday, August 30, the?DC Net Impact?Professional Chapter will host a panel discussion on sustainable real estate options in the DC metro area. The discussion will be held at Busboys and Poets (2021 14th Street NW)?from 6:30 to 8:30 pm.

Geared towards renters, homeowners and those in the market to purchase a home, the conversation will include tips on how to save money on energy and and how to make your home healthier and more sustainable. DC and Maryland?property managers will be on-hand to share their experiences in green real estate.

Panelists for the night include:

• Michael Kiefer, Green DC Realty (moderator)
• Wayne Gleason, building manager at the Argyle (Mt. Pleasant)
• David Borchardt, Tower Properties (including the Blairs, Silver Spring)
• Greg Abbe, audit program manager at?Elysian Energy
• Andy Corral, green building manager at Elysian Energy

Tickets for Thursday?s panel are $10 for DC Net Impact members and students, and $20 for guests.?Online registration is required through Eventbrite.?Can?t make it out on Thursday? Follow the panel discussion on Twitter?@DC_Net_Impact?with hashtags?#DCNI and #NetImpact.

DC Net Impact is an organization with a mission?to inspire, educate and equip the Washington DC metro community to use the power of business to create a more socially and environmentally sustainable world.?For more information, visit the?Eventbrite registration page.

Get an?RSS Feed for all Borderstan stories.

Related posts:

1. A New Green Initiative for the 14th and U Corridor?
2. Ford Fuels Green Ideas With Community Grant
3. Friday: Latino Pride at Town, Pride Shabbat Services
4. HGTV Scouting in DC for ?Real Estate Intervention?
5. Sunday: Pridelicious VIP Lounge, Bootycandy Post Show Discussion
6. Greater Goods Workshops: Meditation, Composting, Solar Panels

This post was written by:

rnania - who has written 157 posts on Borderstan.

Nania is a nanny by day and a writer/D.C.-culture seeker by night. She writes about everything from food, to health, fashion, art and District lifestyle. In her spare time, Nania enjoys studying yoga, biking across the city, walking her dog and writing on her blog, Sear, Simmer & Stir. Follow Nania on Twitter @rnania; email her at rachel[AT]borderstan.com.

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Source: http://www.borderstan.com/08/looking-for-green-real-estate-options/

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